Are you no stranger to the discomfort of 'heartburn' after a meal, wondering why this keeps happening? This discomfort may be an indicator of a common gastrointestinal condition known as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), better known as acid reflux.

Acid reflux is intimately common and widely experienced affecting a large number of people globally. Before we discuss what provokes this condition, let's first understand what precisely acid reflux is.

Acid reflux transpires when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)–the muscular gateway at the end of the esophagus, where it opens into the stomach–loses its tightness, causing the stomach’s acid to flow back up into the esophagus. This reflux of stomach acid agitates and damages the lining of the esophagus and can cause a fiery sensation known as 'heartburn.'

So, if you're thinking about the causes of acid reflux, remember that the primary cause is the poor functioning of the LES. Though, there are also secondary sources that can exacerbate this problem.

Further causes are certain diet and beverages. Consuming hard-to-digest foods, fatty or greasy meals, tangy foods, chocolate, coffee, and alcohol may induce acid reflux. Smoking is another major perpetrator as it can impair the function of the LES.

Overeating or eating too much at one time, especially before bedtime, can also be a significant cause of acid reflux. Additionally, conditions such as obesity and pregnancy escalate the risk of acid reflux.

Further potential triggers can encompass certain medications, such as aspirin and specific muscle relaxants. Stress can also impact the incidence what causes acid reflux of acid reflux, whilst not a direct cause, high levels of stress may stimulate behaviors that can trigger acid reflux.

In summary, the primary culprit behind acid reflux is an ill-functioning LES. However, many other factors can increase the severity and frequency of this condition. Understanding these causes is an essential step for prevention and effective treatment.